Under the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, India had exclusive rights over the eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—while Pakistan retained rights to the western rivers—Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab. The treaty is one of the few instances of sustained cooperation between the two nuclear-armed neighbors. Its suspension marks a major shift in diplomatic policy and signals India’s readiness to use water as a pressure point in bilateral relations. The impact of the treaty’s su