Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects millions across India. With rising global temperatures and increasingly severe summer heatwaves caused by climate change, managing asthma has become more challenging than ever. Extreme heat, low humidity, and deteriorating air quality can all trigger asthma symptoms and lead to serious health complications, especially in children, the elderly, and those with preexisting respiratory conditions. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), asthma management requires ongoing care, including identifying and avoiding triggers and sticking to a consistent treatment plan. In India, where the summer season brings not only scorching temperatures but also increased pollution and pollen levels, staying prepared is crucial. Here’s a detailed look at how summer heatwaves affect asthma and seven practical tips to help you breathe easier through the hottest months.

Why Summer Heatwaves Worsen Asthma Symptoms

Heatwaves in India often result in higher ozone levels and increased concentrations of pollutants and allergens in the air. These irritants can inflame the respiratory tract and lead to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath in asthma sufferers. Moreover, extreme heat dehydrates the body quickly, making mucus in the lungs thicker and harder to expel. All of these factors combine to make summer one of the most difficult seasons for people with asthma.

7 Tips to Manage Asthma During Summer Heatwaves

1. Stay Indoors During Peak Heat Hours
   Avoid going outdoors between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. when both heat and air pollution reach their peak levels. If you must step out, wear a mask to filter airborne pollutants and carry your rescue inhaler at all times. Seek air-conditioned or well-shaded areas to reduce your risk of heat-induced asthma flare-ups.

2. Monitor Air Quality Regularly
   Use apps or government websites to check the air quality index (AQI) daily. If the AQI is poor or hazardous, avoid outdoor activities, especially strenuous exercise. Indoor activities are safer and can prevent exposure to harmful particles and allergens.

3. Stay Hydrated Throughout the Day
   In high temperatures, dehydration sets in fast, especially for those with respiratory conditions. Drink plenty of water and natural electrolyte drinks such as coconut water. Avoid caffeinated or sugary beverages, which can worsen dehydration and irritate the lungs.

4. Use Air Purifiers to Improve Indoor Air Quality
   Summer often means keeping windows shut to block out dust and heat, but this can trap pollutants indoors. Use a quality air purifier to eliminate indoor allergens like dust mites, pet dander, and mould. Clean air can significantly reduce nighttime coughing and wheezing.

5. Follow Your Asthma Action Plan Strictly
   Have a written asthma action plan prepared in consultation with your doctor. This should include daily medications, peak flow monitoring, and emergency steps. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), proper and consistent use of controller medications can help prevent severe attacks.

6. Avoid Common Summer Allergens
   Hot and dry air increases the circulation of allergens such as pollen and pet dander. Keep windows closed during high pollen days, wash clothes and hair after spending time outside, and clean AC filters frequently. Consider using allergen-proof bedding covers and limiting pet access to bedrooms.

7. Practise Daily Breathing Exercises
   Breathing techniques like pursed-lip and diaphragmatic breathing can strengthen the lungs and open up airways. Regular breathing exercises also help reduce stress—another known asthma trigger—and improve your overall lung function over time.

Stay Vigilant and Prepared

Managing asthma during India’s scorching summer heatwaves requires a proactive and informed approach. Understanding environmental triggers, monitoring symptoms, and sticking to your treatment plan can make a significant difference. With climate change making heatwaves more common and severe, it’s essential to adapt your asthma management strategy accordingly. Whether you are newly diagnosed or have been living with asthma for years, these practical steps can help you stay safe and healthy through the summer. Stay indoors when needed, stay hydrated, and always keep your inhaler nearby. Prevention is key, and with the right measures in place, you can reduce flare-ups and enjoy better respiratory health—even during the harshest of heatwaves.