The American Civil War, which began in 1861, was a defining moment in the history of the United States. Following increasing tensions over slavery and political divisions, 11 southern states broke away from the Union to form the Confederate States of America (CSA). The secession marked a pivotal moment in American history, mirroring the disintegration of the Soviet Union 130 years later in 1991.

The conflict stemmed largely from disagreements over the future of slavery, with southern states pushing for its continuation and northern states, under President Abraham Lincoln, seeking its abolition. These differences ignited the Civil War, which lasted for nearly five years and led to significant loss of life and devastation.

While the Confederate States of America formed its own government with President Jefferson Davis, it was never recognized as a legitimate nation by the United States or the global community. Despite this, the Confederacy maintained a flag, a government, and a military, and traded with foreign nations like Britain and France. The CSA fought under its own flag, the Stars and Bars, as the Union continued under the Stars and Stripes.

The Confederacy's independence was short-lived, as the Union ultimately defeated it, restoring control over the southern states. This victory led to the expansion of the United States, which would later grow to 48 states before Alaska and Hawaii became the 49th and 50th states.

The Confederate States of America, though now a historical footnote, still influences American culture today, with its flag remaining a controversial symbol of slavery and white supremacy.