Message: Return type of CI_Session_null_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Message: Return type of CI_Session_null_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Message: Return type of CI_Session_null_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Message: Return type of CI_Session_null_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Message: Return type of CI_Session_null_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Message: Return type of CI_Session_null_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Lung cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of cases. Advances in precision oncology have transformed treatment by tailoring therapies based on tumor-specific genetic alterations.
Molecular Testing & Targeted Therapy
Molecular testing, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), helps identify actionable mutations like EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET exon 14, and NTRK fusions, allowing oncologists to prescribe targeted therapies such as osimertinib (EGFR), alectinib (ALK), and crizotinib (ROS1). These therapies improve progression-free survival (PFS) while reducing chemotherapy-related toxicity.
Immunotherapy & Biomarker-Based Selection
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab have reshaped lung cancer treatment by targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. Biomarker-based selection, including PD-L1 expression levels and tumor mutational burden (TMB), helps determine the most effective immunotherapy options for advanced NSCLC patients.
Challenges & Future Perspectives
Despite progress, challenges include access to molecular testing, high costs of targeted therapies, and tumor resistance. The rise of liquid biopsy offers a non-invasive method to track tumor mutations and resistance in real-time. Future advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), antibody-drug conjugates, and combination therapies are expected to enhance lung cancer treatment outcomes.As precision oncology continues to evolve, multidisciplinary collaboration among oncologists, molecular pathologists, and researchers is crucial to optimizing patient care. These advancements hold promise for longer survival and improved quality of life for lung cancer patients worldwide.
