HMPV Surge in China and India:

• China is experiencing a surge in Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases, leading to overcrowded hospitals and public health concerns.
• India has reported three new cases of HMPV, with two cases in Bengaluru and one in Ahmedabad.
• All infected individuals have no recent travel history, indicating potential local transmission.

What is HMPV?

• Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild upper respiratory symptoms resembling the common cold.
• While it affects people of all ages, young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to severe illness.

Symptoms of HMPV:

• The most common symptoms include:
  • Cough
  • Runny nose
  • Fever
  • Sore throat
• For most people, the infection is self-limiting and resolves within 7-10 days.
• In high-risk individuals, severe cases can lead to complications such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis.

Is HMPV Life-Threatening?

• HMPV is generally not life-threatening for healthy individuals.
• However, it can be severe in vulnerable populations such as:
  • Infants and young children (especially those under 5 years old)
  • Older adults (particularly those over 65)
  • Immunocompromised individuals (e.g., cancer patients, organ transplant recipients)
• Severe cases may require hospitalization, particularly in high-risk groups.

Incubation Period and Recovery:

• The typical incubation period for HMPV is 3-5 days.
• In healthy individuals, the illness generally resolves within 7-10 days, similar to other viral respiratory infections.
• Severe cases in high-risk individuals may require longer recovery periods and medical attention.

How HMPV Spreads:

• HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
• It can also spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces.
• Close personal contact, such as shaking hands or kissing, can further facilitate transmission.
• The virus is most contagious during the symptomatic phase.

High-Risk Groups:

• The highest risk groups for severe illness include:
  • Infants and young children, particularly those under 5 years old.
  • Elderly adults, especially those over 65 years of age.
  • Immunocompromised individuals (e.g., patients undergoing chemotherapy or those with chronic health conditions).
  • Individuals with chronic respiratory or heart conditions.

Differences from Other Respiratory Viruses:

• The incubation period of HMPV is typically 3-5 days, which is shorter compared to some other respiratory viruses.
• Unlike other viral respiratory infections, HMPV patients should be tested for pneumonia if symptoms worsen.

Tests for Diagnosing HMPV:

• Diagnosis of HMPV involves taking a respiratory sample (e.g., throat or nasal swab) and sending it for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing.
• PCR testing helps confirm the presence of the virus and determine its severity.

Preventive Measures for HMPV:

• Currently, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral treatment for HMPV.
• Preventive steps include:
  • Regular handwashing with soap and water.
  • Avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
  • Disinfecting frequently touched surfaces regularly.
  • Wearing a mask during outbreaks or in crowded areas.

Role of Antibiotics:

• Antibiotics are not effective against HMPV as it is caused by a virus, not bacteria.
• Antibiotics are only prescribed if there is a bacterial infection secondary to HMPV.
• Dr. Baidya advises against self-medication and recommends consulting a healthcare provider for proper management of symptoms.

When to Seek Medical Help:

• If symptoms worsen or complications arise, particularly in high-risk individuals, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.
• Early intervention can help prevent severe complications, especially in vulnerable groups.